The Unattested Pyramids of Abusir

Abusir Recent excavations in the archaeological studies indicate that this cemetery could give more information. There is still much to learn more about this period of the builders, in particular strain 5th, who built here.

Left: The pyramid field at Abusir
We were unable to determine exactly the builders of a series of small, mostly unfinished pyramids that were discovered in the abuses. Specifically, Lepsius and effects, investigated two of the pyramids that such numbers 24 and 25, and there is also the beginning of the pyramid belonging to suggest some Shepseskare, which we know almost nothing.
 
Lepsius Pyramids
The ruins of Lepsius pyramid is about 50 meters to the south of the pyramid of Queen Khentkaues second in the south of the field site of the pyramid. While Lepsius The mission noted a number of these structures, some 60 years later Borchardt did not prompt investigations of Lepsius pyramid No. 24 and concluded that it was a double on a bench, and then, all of the pyramids have been ignored.
Finally, in the 1980s a team of Czech archaeologists further investigation in the rubble. They concluded that, in fact, in a number of the pyramid Lepsius 24 is in fact a pyramid, which also included an independent cult pyramid and mortuary temple. Ptahshepses name, which we believe he was the minister of the king Niuserre, has entered in the factory between brands manufacturer. King Niuserre also built his pyramid complex of abuse for what we believe the number 24, and maybe the number was 25 was built during his reign.


Abu Sir, and as usual, and the deteriorating situation of the pyramids, whether due to stone thieves.
In the burial chamber of the pyramid destroyed 24 mummy of a woman believed to be about 23 years of age found. However, this can not the original occupier of the pyramid if it was built in the era of Niuserre, who lived in the late Old Kingdom in Egypt. Seems to be excerebration underwent the process of removing the brain through the nasal septum fracture during the process of mummification. However, we know of any case this procedure had been followed by the Middle Kingdom. In addition, it was to find any trace of his name in the rubble.



Independently, and other archaeological evidence, led the Czechs to believe that it is still possible for Niuserre spouse, or brother Neferefre. While giving no details, and the Czechs, it seems also find more evidence in the funerary temple to support this theory.

However, the funerary temple and destroyed so that it may be impossible to predict, even in the architecture and decoration, and it is not found in any of the ruins of the temple, it is likely that the mortuary temple was not completed yet.

Lepsius pyramid number is 25 and very close, but have not been investigated on a large scale. However, there is reason to believe belongs to a queen consort, or almost the same period. There was also a funerary temple, but on an exceptional basis, is on the western side of the pyramid, instead of this.

The pyramid as possible Shepseskare
Traditionally, Shepseskare (name: Netjer weserw?) Have you developed after Neferefre rule, perhaps because it is the way that is placed on the list of the kings of Saqqara. However, some if not many of today's Egyptologists to be a place for their after Neferefre de. Therefore, I think from the date of his somewhat useless, though most Egyptologists believe he may be short, although the list of Turin, the King gives him seven years ago. In any case, there are still problems with the system of the rulers of this time in the history of Egypt. Regardless, we have very little information about this king. And then mention the other in Saqqara, and the only evidence we have for others who seem Shepseskare a seal impression on clay Shepseskare Horus name, Sekhemkhau discovered in the oldest part of the mortuary temple of Neferefre. Shepseskare spouse Vivieene Callendar suggests that it may be the Queen Nimaathap II, who was buried in a cemetery in West Cemetery in Giza, but this is just a guess.
This pyramid discovered a team of Czech archaeologists who investigated many sites on the abuses in the 1980s. The pyramid, located at the northern tip of the attack, and not only incomplete, and had barely begun. Which are among the pyramid and Sahure Weserkaf Temple of the Sun, and that most of the other pyramids of any size have been attributed to other kings, led the Czechs to believe that this might belong to the pyramid Shepseskare. Was more, it would be the second largest pyramid at Abu Sir (beside the pyramid Neferirkara 's).
Ruins, in fact, only consists of the effects of the barricades, which were suspended shortly after it began. The only real work is done is the level the desert and dig a hole in the tomb chamber.

- About the Abu Rowash necropolis


While Abu Rowash is not one of the key areas of the pyramid, Egypt, and offers many interesting monuments, and most important of which is probably the funeral of Djedefre, the third ruler of the dynasty of Ancient Egypt 4. This site, located near Cairo, is the name of a nearby town, and the field is the pyramid in northern Egypt.

The Ancient Egyptian Archaeological Site of
Abu Rowash (Abu Rawash)

Abu Rowash (Abu Rawash, Abu Rawash) in Egypt is in the continuation of El Jebel Ghigiga, which is located on the western edge of the Nile Valley (30o2'N, 31o4'E).
This is the archaeological site in the northern part of the cemetery in the Egyptian capital of Memphis, and brings together many of the sites dating from the early dynastic period to the Coptic Christian. Mount Abu Rowash highest in the region, bordered to the north and depression and valley and south of the Karun Valley Hassanah, to go along the desert road from Cairo on the Nile River to Alexandria on the Mediterranean coast. This site, at an altitude of 150 meters, is named after the village near Abu Rowash, which is located about eight miles to the north of the pyramids of Giza, and about fifteen kilometers west of Cairo.
 
Here, was built for the funeral Djedefre, the third ruler of the dynasty of ancient Egypt 4 on top of the cliff, on a plateau of the GAA. The location of this pyramid, making it the largest pyramid in northern Egypt, it was known since the nineteenth century to describe the Howard Vyse, and WMF Petrie Richard Lepsius, the latter of which also lends its name to the second pyramid of a document known as the passage of Adobe pyramid Lepsius # 1. This is actually a pyramid to the north than any other country in Egypt.

Excavations at the site began in earnest by the French Institute for the effects of the East in Cairo. Complex Djedefre Emile Chassinat, between 1900 and 1902, found the remains of the dead to the settlement, the boat hole and several fragments of statues, which was the name of the Didoufri (and reading in early Djedefre), which allowed the identification of the grave.
 
    Under the supervision of Pierre Lacau, French Institute, between 1912 and 1913, and continued the excavations carried out by the authorized new structures to the east of the pyramid.

 
However, already indicates the presence in Abu Rowash clear of items bearing the names of the 1st Dynasty pharaohs, and AHA den, which was found near the pyramid. Therefore, in connection with the excavations, and asked Pierre Montet to explore two of the vast cemetery and Thinite dynasty that dates to 4 are located to the south-east of the village of Abu Rowash.

In stimulating the northern part of the cemetery between 1922 and 1924, Fernand Bisson de la ROQUE dig graves terrace of the 5th and 6th dynasties, between 1957 and 1959, Adolf respondents Klasens tombs dating back to the 1st Dynasty, 5, and some of the East Kingdom, in the southern part of the site, under the auspices of the Museum of Antiquities in Leiden in the Netherlands.
 
    This area since 2001 Having reviewed with Michiel Baud IFAO, who found that most of the cemetery is a cemetery in the province of elites, but the part of the cemetery property in Djedefre. The tomb of one of the sons of his minister Djedefre Hornitos name, has recently been identified here.

In the Karun Valley North, and many archaeological sites, has worked since the beginning of the twentieth century.
At the beginning of this century, Charles Palanque excavated Coptic monastery of Deir El Al Nahyan, has been built with a lot of girls in Djedefre pyramid. In 1913, he found Pierre Lacau cemetery for a family of 3 and 4, in the 1920s, Bisson de la ROQUE hole appears in many exhibitions during the period from the Lat, as the burial places of the sacred crocodiles.

 Rizkallah Macramallah discovered some remains solid on the strength of the Middle Kingdom in the 1930s, recently identified as a sacred precinct, and more recently, by a team of Egyptian Antiquities Organization, in 1980, Zahi Hawass, the current Chairman of the Egyptian Supreme Council effects, found the tomb of the Early Dynastic period. It should also be noted that part of the Statue of Queen Arsinoe II, sister and wife of Ptolemy II Philadelphus, who was the second ruler of the Greek period in Egypt, discovered in a river.

Search continues in Abu Rowash. The joint mission of the French Institute, the University of Geneva, in cooperation with the Supreme Council of Antiquities, which began a new program in the funeral of the Djedefre in 1995. Today, this mission led by Michel Valloggia my country.
 
    Like all of the complex as in the tomb of the Old Kingdom, this vast complex was built with the port on the River Nile, and many of the buildings in the sequence. There are, of course, the structure at the foot of the slope of the road leading to the mortuary temple near the actual pyramid, including the shape of a pyramid and one or more sunbarks satellites, all of which was surrounded by a fence enclosure. Only recently, and the second a pyramid has been discovered that seems to be the tomb of the Queen.
Complex began to deteriorate in the Roman era in the early, when he served as the quarry.
 
Which is not over with the Romans, and its use as a quarry continued in modern times. In fact, the site was in much better shape when he visited in Perring and Vyse 1839, then what it is today.
 
In fact, recent excavations revealed some of the facts and to clarify other issues. For example, the Romans maintained a large force in this category of the population, due to the high tactical. And discovered that it was they who have worked a lot of destruction that previously had been attributed to the strain, 4.
 
The destruction suggested there is a problem in the era of Djedefre, pointing out that perhaps his successors did in Djedefre against the illegal regime, but now these theories have been put aside.