The Pyramid of Snefru (Bent Pyramid) at Dahshur

Bent Pyramid was probably the first decision at the outset to be a true pyramid with smooth sides. This represents a glorious period in the evolution of the pyramid, similar to those when Djsoer's architect, Imhotep, built the pyramid at Saqqara. Bent Pyramid was probably the first or second Bent pyramids, depending on who built the pyramid East. Is almost certainly built by the other project at Dahshur, the Red Pyramid. Pyramid also sometimes called the diamond, and False, or Blunt Pyramid. The ancient Egyptians called "Bent Shines - South (the pyramid)."
As one of the strangest pyramids in Egypt and one of the best preservation of the (much is still the case), has attracted considerable attention in centuries. Early visitors included the European travelers such as Richard Pocock, Robert Huntington, Robert Wood, and Edward Melton. However, strangely enough, that the archaeological investigation of the structure does not provide even the century 19th, when the explorers PERRING the Great Pyramid, and Lepsius later, Petrie came to explore the structure. Still later, after World War II, Abdel Salam Hussein and Alexander Varille further investigation in the pyramid, a girl, but unfortunately it was done.
Archaeological studies of modern pyramid built began under the guidance of Ahmed Fakhri in the first half of the 1950s, and obtained this information and add to the important observations and measurements made by Maragioglo and Rinaldi, Joseph Dorner, a geodesist Austria.
Even with all this investigation, some Egyptologists believe that the pyramid may still have some secrets.


Some wonder whether all the rooms of the pyramid may occur. Investigation of the pyramid was sometimes difficult because the project is to create strong winds that blow through the corridors. And therefore the archaeological studies were hampered by sometimes interrupted. However, these problems occurred even before the discovery of the wall at the western entrance, and even some current Egyptologists wonder how the project and ventilation, leading to speculation that the rooms or other passages may still unknown.
The rest of the pyramid's valley temple is the complex of a mile from the west of the Nile Valley, about halfway in between the pyramid and the Nile may indeed be a bridge leading to the second pavement or sidewalk. Valley Temple is the first known to be connected to a complex of pyramids, and was somewhat well thought out. However, there may be preceded by a valley temple that, on average, although the investigation of this structure hampered by the rising waters. In fact, in preparation for a girl of the pyramid temple of the valley, in part, the valley temple and the mortuary temple, in fact, which contains elements of both types of structures.
    And built the pyramid temple of the Valley is rectangular in shape, and the north-south orientation. Because it is built of fine white limestone, with the entrance in the center of the southern facade. Entrance was surrounded by wooden pillars of the flags. During the Middle Kingdom, an obelisk made of limestone from the tomb of Ibn Bent, used Netjeraperef window to the front door.
The Bent Pyramid as Viewed from the Ruins of the Valley Temple

This temple of three parts equal in size. In the southern part of the four stores. Here, the side walls are decorated with scenes of farms in the same representations of the morgue. Sources in the eastern wall are shown in Upper Egypt, while in the Western Wall is the Lower Egyptian funerary properties. These patterns are some of the best works of art of the breed 4th, and are the oldest known examples of goods such as these scenes.
A portico with ten years, decorated with columns of limestone arranged in two rows occupied the northern part of the valley temple. These columns were red. Here we find the walls decorated with carvings depicting the ruling on participating in the festival ritual dam. On the back of the frame is six deep niches, initially equipped with wooden doors, which held six statues Bent on one foot raised. The north wall built of blocks of limestone, decorated with the figure of the king in the middle of sculpture. Here, we find that the king represented at least twice with a crown of Upper Egypt, and at least once with a crown of Upper Egypt and Lower.

It seems unusual in the structures at a later time, the valley temple of the Bent Pyramid was closed in the vicinity of a large wall made of mud brick. Inside of the wall it seems, the priests of the temple worship Bent funeral, which lasted until the Middle Kingdom, which their homes. And paves the way for the main compound outside the pyramid, and led to the southwest corner of the valley temple and the wall.
And paves the way for the main compound of the pyramid on the winding road that goes from the valley temple has no roof, but it was paved with blocks of limestone. Along the road running out, and a fine walls of white limestone, which was stopped at the top and sloping slightly to the outside.
The pyramid complex was surrounded by the Great Wall was built, probably in local yellow, and gray limestone. This wall enclosed the courtyard of the large square, which links the road in the northeast corner.


And a chapel for worship, which consists of the walls of limestone and a fine white ceiling, at the foot of the east wall of the pyramid directly in the east to the west. Here, on the altar is also located in the form of Hotep code, and this time consists of three blocks of limestone with two of nine meters, blocks of white limestone and thin (Stella) to the north and south sides. Compact in the name of South Bent and titles were recorded in low relief (the part that can now be found in the Egyptian Museum of Antiquities in Cairo).
Over time, the chapel was surrounded by adobe walls, which eventually became a small temple. Because Senefru sanctification and worship at a later time during the Middle Kingdom, and some innovations in this structure is still for many years.
It is not uncommon for us to look for pyramids in Egypt, which is just rubble, often due to a bad start. Seems that some architects of the pyramid take seriously the institution, while others do not. Bent Pyramid, though largely intact, thanks to the maintenance of the completion of construction errors in early enough to make changes in the initial construction plans. Relatively soft layer of mud that the core list is based on seriously threaten the stability of the whole structure. Structure was further weakened by internal construction developed with a little care, leaving large gaps were filled with the ruins of the limestone. However, one reason that many of the housing of fine white limestone, which is still the industrial base built on the basis of the highest.
The pyramid was actually through three distinct changes away from the original plans, which called for the structure with the angle of 60 degrees. Go to the steep slope of less than about 55 degrees Celsius, which calls for broadening the base. This disorder can be the first clearly in the roof and side walls of the corridor north and the arrival of about a dozen meters from the entrance. These early stages of construction using the traditional method of administration of the central courses of stones tilted to the inside. However, the slope proved this modification is not enough.
When the pyramid was 45 meters, and the angle of inclination was reduced to 45 degrees (later the pyramid was typically inclined between 52 and 53 degrees), which had the effect of reducing the mass of the top of the pyramid, and thus reduce the load of the undercarriage. At this stage in the construction of the pyramid-builders began to lay the courses of stone in a horizontal position (not with stones sloping to the inside). It seems, and discovered that the builders slash layers inside the core, rather than adding stability, and exacerbate the tensions within the structure.
He also pointed out that other structural changes have been included in the pyramid, a daughter. For example, both the rock and foundation stones were higher housing used in the 3rd Dynasty pyramid. In the event, and cover the stones were much larger.
However, we must also note that very few scientists believe that the pyramid was planned by the curious, for religious reasons are different. This theory is rejected by most Egyptologists.
There are already two of the entrances to the sub-structure. There are allied with the north entrance to the north and south of the pyramid of twelve feet above ground level. The entrance leads to a corridor and then down to the waiting room with meter high ceiling, jump with cantilever slabs made of limestone and wide. There is a sharp tray (Tray) leads to the burial chamber, which also has a vault corbel. From here a short corridor leading out of the southwest corner on the vertical axis, which is now partially destroyed. This axis, as it is called by archaeologists in the fireplace, is exactly aligned with the vertical axis in the pyramid.

Second entrance to the pyramid is much higher on the western side of the structure. Once again, leading to a runner down, but here we find two of the barriers rake. Corridor ends at the home of "High", which also has a cantilevered umbrella is made of slabs of limestone ore. Slots in the side walls and found the remains of rice packets (as found in the pyramid Meidum possible). House was filled with the construction of the limestone raw, some of which were bound with some mortars and developed in the drylands.
The role of the construction and packages are not known. Maragioglio Rinaldi is believed to consist of a structure designed to either serve as the basis for a coffin, or to assist in the protection of that. Stadelmann, however, believed that the material and may have been to prevent the side walls of the cracks, or perhaps put an end to the cellar. Seems to Egyptologists, such as the Weiner agreed with him.


Vault Ceiling within the Pyramid
Fakhri was really believes Bent was buried in this room. Inside the hall, naively written in red is the inscription which bears courtouche Bent, but most Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was never used curse intended purpose, and some believe it was the upper house north, in the beginning was heading to the burial chamber Bent.
Rooms of the pyramid to reach the northern entrance are less than those reached by the western entrance, but two of the foundations that are connected by a narrow tunnel, and irregular, almost cutting the basic building the pyramid. This relates to the corridor with the House and connects to the infrastructure of the checkpoints between the West, but is almost certain to be built after the completion of all structures.
Egyptologists speculate that the infrastructure of underground passage which connects between the two systems in the rooms, all geared towards the north and south, was an attempt by builders to make the traditional theology of worship inspired by the sun emerging East to the west of the pyramid complex as a whole. Others, but similar arguments, and I think that the structure of the lower south-west acted like the tomb of Djoser.

Attached to the northern side of the pyramid Adobe was young, "Northeast Chapel. Although this is still a little bit, another pyramid, we can assume that he may have been on the agenda with the sacrificial Hotep hieroglyphic sign (supply, or offering table), cut from the top.

A small pyramid made of worship to the south, but still along the axis of the pyramid. The base with the entrance on the north side at ground level. This leads to the entrance lobby of the first down and then climb to communicate with a small camera with a slice just under the domed ceiling is seven feet above the ground. And many scientists see this corridor as a model for the large gallery in Bent's son (Cheops), the Pyramid of Giza. On the east side of the pyramid of worship is another small church with an altar of alabaster with blocks of limestone five meters with the King name and titles on each side.

• Length: 104.71m
• The height of the bottom: 47.04m
• rise in the upper part: 57.67m
• Base: 189.43
• Bend Base: 123.58m
• the bottom of the slope: 55 °
• upper slopes of the party 43rd
• Length of the road: 704m