The Pyramid of Khufu at Giza in Egypt, Giza

For many years, opened the Sound and Light show at Giza with "I came tonight to the most remarkable and celebrated in the world, and here in the Giza Plateau, remains forever the mightiest of human achievements. N traveler, emperor, merchant or poet has come in the sand, not breathless. "
Although there are many milestones in ancient Egypt that survive to this day, one in particular is the most famous and closely associated by the public in general in ancient Egypt. Is, of course, Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), the largest in Egypt, located on the Giza plateau near Cairo. Her name was "Khufu's Horizon" In fact, even if the people have very little knowledge in Egypt, which often do not know of this monument, but also have a number of consensus about how and when they were built, and function. It can be said that the most famous man-made structure in the world, for good reason.
 
The name of the Great pyramid, Khufu's Horizon
Of the seven wonders of the ancient world, and the pyramid of Cheops is the first and the only survivor. Particularly impressive, and stands some originally 146.59 (481 feet) high and covers about thirteen acres of land, although in the last hundred years or so, the miracles of modern (the Empire State Building, built in 1930, more than three times if was located in only two hectares of land), and perhaps make it look less spectacular for visitors from those who, for thousands of years, came to visit the pyramid before the modern era. In fact, modern scholars for the most part, this pyramid might find less interesting than many other old buildings in Egypt, in the first place because it is decorated with inscriptions and writings (although some sub-structures), otherwise the exception of some parts of the structure procedure, and are familiar with the pyramid complex. Pyramids are almost wide and many of the pyramids is in fact more ambiguous. Pyramid of Cheops were not the first, not even the first real pyramid. Other pharaohs, as Bent's father Khufu, had moved probably as a stone, and three different building the pyramids themselves.
However, the pyramid of Khufu was in a line of amazing leaps forward and architecture, and an important link in the evolution of the pyramid's construction. In terms of size, and technological achievements of the construction, and of great concern to the origin and organization for construction, the pyramid represents an extraordinary effort. Such as the pyramids at a later date, which covers all the standard elements of the pyramid complex, though most have disappeared. The completion of the pyramid, including the superstructure and substructure, and was surrounded by a wall of limestone Tora holding penalty, the yard is paved in limestone. There was a valley temple, a bridge leading to the funerary temple is located against the pyramid itself. There was also a cult pyramid and three pyramids for the burial of queens, and a series of drilling vessels and other structures.
But were not really know with absolute certainty, the compound of the pyramid of Khufu probably remained mostly intact for almost 4,000 years. During that time, we must most visitors have been surprised by its enormity, and perhaps by the ancient Egyptian's reverence toward the structure.

In the end, and the deterioration of the pyramid, like pregnancy, can be attributed at least partly, to religion. It was created for the king's burial complex that corresponds to the ancient Egyptian religion. May have survived in relatively good condition, even religion has been replaced by another, then another. At the time when the Arabs invaded Egypt in the seventh century, there was little or no religious awe that provide structure, to cover the stones and other building materials have been used to complex new construction projects in the region of Cairo. This process is not confined to the pyramid of Cheops, in fact, re-use materials from old structures were not common, even in the era of the pharaohs. However, although this was not the Pyramids of Egypt until the Middle Ages, and a series of earthquakes loosened stones lining and allow them to be harvested for other projects.
Most people have limited knowledge of Egypt believes that the Great Pyramids of Giza are in the wild, and therefore were not surprised when I travel by road east of the pyramid, they see them up, apparently between buildings elusive. Actually sit on the edge of the city of Greater Cairo, and threatened by the expansion of rights, but experts are well aware of this day, and work to avoid damage to the structure.
For some time, and humanity is the Great Pyramid with more curiosity than reverence. Was through a tunnel, jumped up, and ill-treatment in general until the modern era. In his book, and the Mena House Oberoi, and Nina tells us that Nelson,
"Climb the pyramid cheop continue every day .... It's a daunting task, but everybody enjoys. And the stone blocks of the measure two to five feet tall and One3 certainly should be a guide to help take one along the difficult places."
At one time, but several people tried to record to expand the monument
During World War II, including the fortifications built on confidential information. Egyptian society, especially Zahi Hawass, can be attributed to put an end to. They are not people who can rise to it (unless special permission is granted), and his research today is always non-intrusive. Aircraft can not fly it and generally to get the national protection it deserves.
However, it has been and remains a place of great activity. Races held in the pyramids, and in recent years, has served as background for artistic performances and music. With Zahi Hawass, as Chairman of the Insurance Committee, it is doubtful he will see more performances by many artists such as Sting and the Grateful Dead, but they are still the main forum for Verdi's opera Aida.
May be one of the most interesting aspects of the complex pyramid of Cheops is the vast amount of research that it has received, and the amazing amount of controversy it inspired. Investigate the complex continues today, and new discoveries, and sometimes substantial, have been made, even in recent years. For example, very recently, estimated the number of blocks used to build the pyramid has been reduced by almost half, while writing this article, a new robot being developed to continue to investigate the internal structure of the pyramid.
Date men of ideas about this structure is much more complex, and often more interesting than the pyramid itself. Even in recent years, and speculation that the pyramid was built by aliens or Atlantis may continue. Many books have been written about this pyramid, many of the scientists, but others do not.
Take for example the question of the metric system. Used by most countries as an official standard of measurement, and the global scientific community have been repeatedly cited by the Americans and British to incorporate this system. Much of this may be a reluctance on the part of the population to change the family system for them. However, the Great Pyramid of Khufu certainly played a role in this.
John Taylor, and the eccentric British publisher in 1859, produced a work entitled The Great Pyramid: Why was it built? And who built it? Drawing on the work of Tompkins, and believed that the pyramid was built by Noah fame in the Bible. He said he believed that the dimensions of the Great Pyramid was very useful, and it probably was, but felt in the relations of many physical measurements, such as the number of days in a year and a half Earth's diameter. Part of the account that the unit of measurement known as the pyramid inch he believed that the Egyptians used in building the pyramid, which does not differ very little British inches.
It is mainly credited with being one of the founders of modern Pyramidology, but his ideas may not have caught if not for the work of Professor C. Piazzi Smith, an Israeli and British Astronomer Royal in Scotland. Smith based on the ideas of Taylor. Although Taylor had not traveled to Egypt, not Smith, and began to measure every detail of the monument of Cheops.
Smith's attempt to link the measurements made of the pyramid of the various aspects of many of the natural world, and the universe, and a lot of his contemporaries even considered it absurd. A Christian man, Smith, but, nevertheless, that a number of relations derived from the pyramid reached a record of "perfect" patterns as God intended man to use. In fact, many of Smith's accounts seem artificial and arbitrary to us today. Smith was hardly a calm, objective scientist when it comes to the pyramid. His writings show that he certainly has a deep emotional commitment to prove "scientifically" that the Christian religion is true, and he sees his work with the pyramid as the means by which we can do it.
In their work, and said the meter was manmade, and expressed his belief that the pyramid inch, and therefore the British inch, and the measure provided by God. While it appears that scholars generally reject the work of Taylor and Smith, a series of Christian religious leaders accepted theories and make them rule of faith, particularly in England and the United States, but even in France.
Many of Smith and his contemporaries and his disciples were hostile to the metric system as it was. With a bit of fun Martin Gardner related to the fact that in the United States, Ohio pyramidologist Aid Society, including
President James A.. Garfield was a supporter, published a magazine entitled the international standard for the Defense of true "inch" and other measures against the metric system. Thus the great pyramid of Cheops became a star in the arsenal of the 19th century Christianity, at least for a period of time, helped to stop the expansion of the metric system. But perhaps more importantly, Taylor Smith and helped to create a mystical relationship with the pyramid of Cheops, which led to innovative ideas that continue today.
When you visit the pyramid of Cheops, is in fact one of the following in the footsteps of celebrities, both ancient and modern world. Alexandria and the Great stands in front of him, and visitors today, and constructive engagement by his father, King Philip II of Macedonia, the largest funerary monument of the Great Pyramid, but death took him before he could. Herodotus, Strabo and Pliny, of course, all visits by the pyramid. Without a doubt, all the travelers who visited the famous ancient compound of Cheops. Many of the individuals in the later came to see this question in the ancient world, and who are still arriving today.

Although most visitors in the early to the Great Pyramid is not the type of intervention, when the Arab invasion of Egypt, and religion in ancient Egypt was the gold and was apparently the understanding of the Egyptian monument. Myths and fairy came from the enormous treasures of knowledge contained within the structure, long before the work of Taylor and Smith. Finally, the Caliph al-Ma'mun (831-832 AD) is believed to act on this information. Although the pyramid, or at least the infrastructure had been raped by unidentified robbers during antiquity, and Al Qaeda, it seems safe is the first known person to do so. That there are at least sought the original entrance, but can not find the bin men to secure a tunnel in the pyramid in the center point of the face of the north, and up to seven sessions. Apparently, the pyramid still retains at least some of the stones from the roof of the ship, where he had to light a fire for heating and cooling before the blocks quickly with vinegar to produce fractures. Once past the pulp space, and the drilling of 100 meters without finding something in this process. However, one of the workers heard the sound of something heavy falling inside the pyramid, and not far away, and, of course, changed at the end of a breakthrough in what is now known as the adoption of "al Qaeda." While men of all safe to explore a large part of the internal structure of the pyramid, it seems they found only an empty coffin, despite the rumors and myths and legends, and increased exploration.
Although the al-Qaeda safe apparently did not find wealth or knowledge hidden inside the Great Pyramid, and continued to maintain the hidden meaning obscure to most travelers. Of all travelers and pilgrims in the European scientific way to the Holy Land seems to be visited. They are too numerous to mention. However, the first attempt by the study of Egyptian women apparently had John Graves, a researcher in the English language Tomkins and then use some of the more exotic ideas. Climbed to the top, and blocks of the pyramid, and also found its way inside the pyramid. Drawn from that part of the structure is very accurate at the time.
However, the change in the nineteenth century of archaeological work real reason to start using scientific methods. Nathaniel Davison discovered a minor reduction of the camera, and the tunnel which connects to the Great Exhibition in 1760s. Students from Napoleon speed is also measured and described the Great Pyramid of new surveys and prospecting carried out in and around it. In the early nineteenth century, Giovanni Battista Caviglia cleared many spaces inside the pyramid and in 1937, both PERRING Vyse and investigation of the structure. Books, and the processes that take place in the Pyramids of Giza in 1837 (3 volumes) and the Pyramids of Giza (3 volumes), respectively, continue to be major sources of value.
Between 1843 and 1844, Lepsius focus primarily on the structure of the Great Pyramid, expressing his belief that the formation of a nucleus of the accumulation of layers sloping. For the Feast of the birth of Frederick William IV, and archaeologists in honor of the prince and patron of the expansion of the pyramid and fly from the highest level. Petrie, who has studied carefully the pyramid between 1881 and 1882 do not agree with the theory of Lepsius increase. Petrie, who always seems more interested in comfort studies Egyptology, established his headquarters in one of the signs near the court, and sleeps on a bed of sand, using a kerosene stove for cooking. Account of his investigations, and the Giza pyramids and temples, and still today one of the most important studies about the pyramids.
Borchardt also worked on the famous monument. And built the first focus on explaining the method used originally to assess and guide the plan the ground, and reconstruction in one stage of the pyramid.
In 1954, Egyptian archaeologists Mallakh Kamal Zaki Iskandar and his colleagues discovered in the south side of the Great Pyramid, and the two graves that contain the burial jars properly. Later in the second half of the 1980s, the French architects Jean-Gilles Ptrice Dormion and geophysical measurements made Goidin minutes essence of procedure, which was confirmed later by the Japanese team.
Finally, Zahi Hawass, which was discussed at Giza, and now president of the Supreme Authority of Supply Commodities (the Egyptian Council of Antiquities), and focused on the basis of the temple in the Valley is proud of the bridge and the mortuary temple. Who he is, not long ago discovered the cult of the pyramid and pyramidon. Although it has now moved to the President of Egypt in the old society, but work continues.
Nowadays, the Pyramid of Khufu, though lacking original luster, it is still probably the most visited sites in Egypt. It states that "man fears time but time fears the pyramids" Therefore, the pyramid of Khufu, though not the oldest in Egypt, however, became a symbol of long-term durability, and perhaps for that reason, more than anything else, and still one can to find the image on the background to the draft law the U.S. dollar.
Technical
Pyramid
• Length: 146.5m
• Base: 230.38m
• Tip: 51st 50 '
Large gallery
• Height: 8.48 to 8.74 meters
• Length 47.85m
• Route: 26th 16 '40 "
Queens Room
• Height 6.26m
• Length 5.76m
• Width 5.23m
Sala del Rey
• Height: 5.84m
• Length: 10.49m
• Height: 5.42m
Bridge
• Height: 825 m
Holes boat (in the northeast and southeast corners of the pyramid
• Depth: 8m
• Length 52m
• Width: 7,5 m