The Pyramid of Amenemhet III at Dahshur

Amenemhet III attempted to build the first pyramid at Dahshur, but it was a disaster. Even with a relative Bent Pyramid as a reminder, the architects built the pyramid of Amenemhat III in the ground is unstable.
Bent Pyramid is built on sand compacted while Amenemhat III is based on the hard clay. Builder compounded this error by building the pyramid in one of the lowest places the entire pyramid in Egypt. It is located just 33 meters above sea level. Problems that arose from a number of runners and the court rooms within the infrastructure, and the builders of the development of confidence in the ceilings that had no real pressure-relief devices burial chamber of the king above.
Early in the groundwater in the Nile Valley, on the liquidation of the infrastructure of the pyramid of structural damage, cracks appear threatening in the corridor and the walls of the room was completed shortly after the pyramid. Even before the limestone is applied to the chambers of the queen, and the weight of the pyramid is holding down the surface with a force which sank on the walls in places up to three íÜÉ (two inches) on the sidewalks. Today the pyramid named "Amenemhet is a strong" is a dark sad havoc in the field of Dahshur, and sometimes rightly called the Black Pyramid. Although it took 15 years to build, instead of buried in this pyramid, Amenemhet III decided to build a second pyramid at Hawara, near the Fayoum beloved.

Pyramid was written before about PERRING, which seems that it did not have time to explore the ruins at all. The camp which was attacked by Bedouins, and apparently lost interest in PERRING at Dahshur. Lepsius issue seems to have realized that in 1843, but that was before everything, until about 1900. The Morgan, assisted by George Legrain Jequier and finally conducted a large-scale excavations. However, the questions in that time, and drilling methods is still preliminary, and many of the pyramid, which are still to be answered. In fact, the investigation is not completed. Finally, between 1976 and 1983, a team from the German Archaeological Institute in Cairo under the leadership of Arnold, conducted a review of recent and comprehensive.
Valley temple complex was badly damaged, but it is one of the first 12 temples in the valley of the strain may occur partially cleared. It's very simple, with two of the tracks and wide-open verandas were built upstream. Interestingly, the side walls of the court first is to form a thick tower gateway. Under the debris were found on the model of the underground corridors of limestone chambers of the pyramid of a family of 13, which have not been discovered. However, some Egyptologists believe that this model, although a slight difference, is in fact the pyramid of Amenemhat III at Hawara.

 

Originally a wide open road, which was built between two brick walls first led to the valley temple and then went up the valley temple of Amenemhat III mortuary temple and pyramid.
    To the north of the road was brick settlement of the priests.
Mortuary temple connected to the pyramid was relatively small and simple, and consists of entrance and a courtyard with columns of granite and eighteen in the form of eight stems of papyrus plants. However, it suffered severe damage and the design is really a guess. Behind the courtyard think it's a long corridor and supply. Two of the plaster, and whitewashed walls and mats enclosure surrounded the pyramid, with the inner wall that divides the yard outside of the funerary temple of the inner shrine. It is decorated interior wall niches, while the wall in the open air. It is not clear whether there was a chapel of the north.
One has to wonder about the architects of this pyramid, and the level of expertise. The heart of the pyramid is built of brick, such as the Pyramids 12 families early. However, he loved the wings of stone and the front part of the pyramids. Builders tried to strengthen the structure by building a base in step. The outer layer of five meters east of blocks of fine white limestone, which was held together with wooden pegs correspond to join. Near the top of the pyramid, and the angle of inclination of the wall fell. The pyramid was topped by a beautiful dark gray granite pyrami discovered in the ruins in 1990, which was originally 1.3 meters. Four sides of the pyrami bear inscriptions and religious symbols. The bottom line is rinsed with a block of the basement. He currently resides in the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities in Cairo


However, there are doubts about the pyrami. Inscription containing the name of Amun was destroyed, perhaps by the way, in the reign of Akhenaten, and pyrami that have already fallen at the time, or has never been placed at the top of the pyramid. It has been so symbolic pyramid on the basis of the compound.

For the first time we see the pyramid and the one built to accept all that remains of the King and a number of queens. Therefore, the infrastructure is very complex and quite different from the beginning of the 12 pyramids of Dynasty. In fact, even if we take into account the expected number of burial, was more complicated then the first pyramids tube design. Area under the ground and is divided into two parts, one for the king and the other for two of his peers. Sections are connected by a corridor.
Near the southeast corner on the east side of the pyramid, in the lowest layer of the foundation, is the entrance to the tomb of the king.
Most of that part of the pyramid of King is under the East Quartet of the pyramid. From the entrance, and peace for the first time since his capture 3rd, leading to a single room in a high profile on the wall of King canopic chest.
This is a short ladder, which in turn leads to the entrance hall and gallery system as a whole, and wells, and barriers and cameras at various levels, all covered with fine white limestone. In fact, there are more cameras and underground passages of the pyramid of any other breed 3rd.
This entry has room for about twenty meters before turning to the north. However, before reaching the first round, and a pedestrian bridge leading to the south of the entrance to the corridor connecting the door to the Queen of the pyramid. Down the hall from the original entrance on the right is what led to a short corridor.
     The second corridor of the Chambers of the Queen leads the West to get out of this short corridor. Short passage and then transferred to another passage from 90 degrees to the right again in the direction of the entrance of the pyramid. After that we had another room a 90-degree left turn after a series of annexes to the left before the final 90 degree turn, ultimately leads to a small waiting room and the burial chamber.
The burial chamber is partially offset on the vertical axis in the pyramid, but maybe it was supposed to be directly underneath it. It seems that the builders lacked the knowledge of others has been shown before. The burial chamber is also covered in fine white limestone, and between East and West. Although Amenemhat III were not buried in this pyramid, there was a pink granite sarcophagus in the burial chamber, near the Western Wall. The coffin lid and dome ports that mimicked the vicinity of the wall of King Djoser Pyramid in Saqqara. Near the northern tip of the eastern region of the coffin was a set of eyes to monitor passengers in the direction of sunrise and rebirth.
There are two ways to produce a door of the king of the pyramid to the section of Queens, and the direct route of the amount, and the second runner-up is more complicated corridor outside the entrance corridor of the South. While the corridor that connects almost directly to the former Queen lead the burial chamber, and the second step, which is sometimes called the tomb of the "South", contains a maze of corridors and six chapels, including the Ka-chapel. Apparently, this part of the infrastructure also awarded a section of the Djoser complex. Weiner believes that this part of the tomb as a counterpart in the King's wing, acting somewhat like a pyramid worship internalized.
Section of the Queen, mostly located in the southern quarter of the pyramid. There was a second entrance to rooms outside the queens lying opposite the entry of King Abdullah II only on the western side of the pyramid. Here there was a bottom of the stairs leading to a room with the door to a place above the canopic chest of Queen Administrative Court of Appeal.
    Corridor for this camera, for the first time passes through a short corridor to the left which leads to the burial chamber of Queen of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal, which was about 35 when he died after passing through the northern corridor leading to the second burial chamber, Queen II, which may have Neferuptah. This queen was probably around 25. The bones of both queens and was found inside the rooms. In the western wall of each burial chamber was the coffins were very similar to that of the king. However, he found a second sarcophagus of Queen niches in the cemetery of Amenemhat III.
Although the thieves had broken long ago in this pyramid, was found on some funerary objects in the rooms of the Queen. Rooms within the Administrative Appeals Tribunal has been found on two of the heads of seven cases with the scepter of ducks - in the form of marble, and alabaster jar of ointment and individual pieces of jewelry.
Think canopic chest was broken, you have found all the parts and contains a jar jars. Served in the rooms of the Queen II of obsidian found a band of gold decorated with a duck-shaped vessel of alabaster, granite and marble and the heads of mace jewelry. There is also a shrine, a stone was cut early this queen, originally wrapped in gold and contains a statue of Ka.
Together with bones of queens two, and four additional graves discovered inside the pyramid. Because the name of Amenemhat IV appears in the valley temple, some believe that two of these tombs may have been the king and the last ruler of the dynasty 12th, Queen Sobekneferu. If so, the pyramid was probably having been opened previously sealed. Amenemhet IV and Queen has started Sobekneferu Mazghuna pyramids, but this was far from over, and it seems that there is no burials took place.

Pyramid was supposed sealed in the 20th year of the reign of Amenemhat II. This took the form of fill not only entry in the tray with blocks of limestone, but also the king's chamber, waiting rooms, the Queens of the funeral and corridors to enter the chapel of Ka. Other rooms and corridors were filled with mud brick. This may be a preventive measure against the collapse of the pyramid, but in the rooms in the pyramid of Amenemhat III at Hawara and on the basis of full equality.
Outside of the pyramid, within the walls of the box of the first and second in the north is a row of ten shaft tombs for the rest of the royal family. We know that this second tomb of the King, the daughter of Princess Nubheteptikhered. The first cemetery in the Middle raped by King Hor Auibre governor considerable strain 13. And a wooden statue of Ka was found inside the tomb is one of the most valuable things in the Museum of Antiquities in Egypt. King Hor's mummy was found inside a wooden coffin discovered in the cemetery, along with some elements of the dangerous goods. This included a wooden box bearing the name of the jars Nimaatre, the name of Amenemhat III. However, the view these days among Egyptologists seems that this name refers to Khendjer, a successor of Hor. Khendjer Userkare later took the name. It seems there is confusion over the cemetery, especially among archaeologists.
Today you can see the pyramid of Dahshur section where visitors are allowed, but can not be addressed, because it is still in a military zone.
• Length: 75m
• Base: 105m
• Route: 54th 30'