Minor Temple and Other Ruins of the Nile Delta of Egypt, Part II

Ezbet Rushdi
Today is known as Manor Saghira Rushdie, near the present site Tell El Daba on the site of the city appears in the Kingdom East. Local temple, discovered during the 1950s by the archaeologist Egyptian Shehata named Adam, and seems to have been founded by Amenemhet I, Senusret III may be sought in the 5th year of office. Both presidents had prevailed during the 12th Dynasty of Egypt. The temple was primarily made of mud brick, but it was not for some architectural elements of stone, such as doors and columns. Design and architecture was typical of Middle Kingdom temples, with a small courtyard with columns, followed by the tripartite sanctuary.
In 1996 in Austria and the Institute of Archeology under the supervision of Manfred Bietak decided to exploration in the temple. Was a huge surprise to discover that the wall of the Court in the Temple of old structures, which extends beneath it. The lower layers has produced a large amount of pottery was purely domestic, and some types of pottery that are related to the activities of the cult were discovered. Therefore, it is believed that there was probably worship at the temple earlier on this site. Cananea and the Aegean Sea, pottery, many of them dating from the time of Amenemhat II, and was present in most substrates, but showed different distribution patterns. To these excavations, the results of the first of pottery from the Levant and Crete, the family history to the end of 12, but these pieces likely date for the first half or the middle of that dynasty.
Tell Pharaoh
Near the village of the eastern delta of the newspaper Husseinieh old city are the remnants of an Egyptian named Emmet. Today, it is called Tell Pharaoh, or in some cases, or say Nabasha told Badawi. The city was the capital of the name of local deities and local landmarks was Wadjit precinct temple dedicated to her can still be seen. It measures 215 × 205 meters (705 x 673 feet). From under the rubble of scarce, and there are two types of temples appearss on campus. The largest of the two was the temple of Ramses was 65 × 30 م (213 × 98 feet, 6 inches). A smaller temple in the north-east of the temple of Ramses dates from the Late Period, and was 30 × 15 meters (98 feet 6 inches × 49 feet). It was apparently built during the reign of Amasis. There are architectural features usurped the Middle Kingdom, which seems to imply that there once in the temple of time here as well.
Petrie, who discovered in the region, also discovered the cemetery, which was believed to be a place is very strange, completely different from the cemeteries of Memphis, Abydos and Thebes. A large number of small rooms, or isolated groups of rooms, irregularly distributed on the plain of sand. This was built of baked bricks and covered with a barrel vault design. Some of the largest and inspected (or if covered by groundwater) with limestone. These rooms of the tomb dates from 20 strains (the period of Ramses). Unfortunately, most of these graves were looted from the beginning, and even some land to build a new cemetery.
In one of the first graves at least two hundred without funerary statues carved in glazed pottery has been found on the green. In the last thirty thousand glass beads, silver, lapis lazuli was also detected. Bronze spear heads, amulets, and scarabs and other items has also become a large number of them. But in the last point of interest but not least, the discovery of two sets of Freemasonry Foundation () and deposits in the corners of a small building in the cemetery. This consists of a mini mortar shells, corn, rubber, and sample boards of materials used in construction, such as glass, ceramic and marble of different colors, jasper, and the like.

And wonderful made of gray granite on the prince and a priest, a descendant of 26th, and part of a limestone statue dedicated to Harpakhrat, and Horus "child", which was the birthplace of legendary in the marshlands in the Delta, have also been discovered. Among other valuable things discovered during excavations of Petrie including the altar of black granite of the reign of Amenemhat II, namely, the thrones of statues of red sandstone belonging to the real people of the same line, a huge statue of Ramses II seated black granite, the most interesting of everything, and the Sphinx without a head of black granite, which was the Pharaohs, respectively, recorded cartridges, each in turn, and delete the names and titles of their ancestors.
Mound Fort
Between Naukratis Kom Abu Billo and find what remains of the ancient city of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (imAw), now known as Kom fort. In Arabic, means mound fortress, "Fort Hill", probably referring to the local temple ruins.
In the text, find the name of this society is already mentioned in the strain 5th, so it's not surprising that at least many of the fossils also found that the occupation old rich kingdom is very close to ground level, modern, and above the water table. Many of the structures so far study on storage and food preparation. These include facilities on a large scale to the large grain storage, as well as specialized structures in the kitchen, and plant and animal processing. The general impression is that the mound fort as a specialized center for treating cattle. Community may have sent more of their nationals in Memphis, worship and other areas of settlement. In the very name of the mound, he was appointed again as a fortress city of livestock ownership, "or hwt - iHwt, who was one of the oldest in the foundations of the state in all parts of Egypt, dating to the reign of Den 1 of the first dynasty
Movement was an important center for the local management of the new Kingdom. In ancient times, and is located near a branch of the River Nile, which has since moved to the east, and was close to the edge of the desert on their way to the border with Libya. There is the temple of Hathor - Sekhmet (here, Hathor is known as the Heat - Hert) in the city, but all the rest of the day is planned for a rectangular enclosure. The site was identified by the carved statues of Amenemhat III and Ramses II is in the region.
Information on the Heat - Hert of worship in this place comes from the tomb of the Kingdom of the new Khesuwer. Was a priest of the Heat - Hert and the supervisor of the priests and the temple precincts. His appointment as President of the harem, the maidens, and may be indicative of the honorable position of the women who were in the service of the Heat - Hert. During the 19 family, the Temple of Ramses II and the restoration of family 22th, expanded Sheshonq III. In the recent period, was known in the town in public relations between the NBT - IMAU, meaning "the way for a woman IMAU. Unfortunately, many of the ruins of the fort mound quickly to make room for agricultural expansion in the region.
Kom Abu Billo (Terenuthis)
On the outskirts of the city Tarranam, a name derived from the name of the Coptic Terenouti was known in antiquity as Terenuthis, is a pile of Kom Abu Billo. In fact, Kom Abu Billo specifically refers to the location in the Greco-Roman cemetery found, and perhaps this name is derived from the Greek god Apollo, who was a temple in the north of the site. Site is located on the western edge of the Delta, about 70 miles north-west of Cairo. Sitting on a branch of the Nile Delta, and is en route to the Wadi El-Natron, and now famous monasteries, but in ancient times a source of natron (salt). The name of the old city seems to be related to the snake goddess or Termuthis Renenutet, we assume that the local gods, which was important.
However, the surface may have been formerly known as per Huthor - NBT - Mefket, or "House of Hathor, Lady of Turquoise". "In fact, in 1897, Griffith discovered a temple to their goddess of FLI, which was also worshiped in the Sinai peninsula, which is the uniform alternative of Hathor as the owner of Mefket (turquoise). The temple was carried out by Ptolemy I, the first ruler of the Greek period in Egypt and could have been completed by his son, Ptolemy II. If so, it will be one of the few remaining monuments built by the founder of the Greek dynasty.
Most of the excavation work in this temple, in fact, occurred between 1969 and 1974, when Nasser channel requires the building to explore the redemption of the site. The ruins of this temple blocks contained carved inscriptions depicting scenes of Ptolemy I and Hathor. A graveyard for animals associated with the worship Heat - Hert (Hathor) was also found nearby. In the statues and figurines, as well as pottery inscribed with hieroglyphics Yinepu, Aset (Isis), Taweret بس and on this site.
Large tomb of Kom Abu Billo contains thousands of tombs dating to the 6th Dynasty Old Kingdom until the 4th century AD Coptic Period. Copts (Egyptian Christians) may have been established in Poemon San, known as one of the parents who settled in the Egyptian Western Desert in the ruins of a pagan temple of the Christian era. , Mud and brick tombs and metadata that are square or rectangular with barrel vaulted ceilings or truncated pyramid. New Kingdom pottery coffins, sometimes called the type of intellectual coffins, or "shoe coffin" with large, often face an ugly and unusual covers the model have been found there, as well as a special type of obelisk made during the four first centuries of the Christian era.
These non-Egyptian style stele, called stelae Terenuthis "represents the status of the deceased with his arms raised between two Greek columns, arches, or reclining on the sofa. Is usually the text in the demotic and Greek at the base.
Tests in the graves indicate that the offer consists of lettuce, grapes and wine for the dead. Sometimes the lights were on in the graves, while music was played. Hunting and fishing occupations that were common in people who live here, but there are many producers of wine, potters, jewelers and other artisans. Moreover, it was known in the region as a major commercial, especially wine and salt natron).

Many ceramic lamps have been found in tombs in the shape of olive branches, Nile fish, frogs Heket Netjert. Moreover, gold and silver, rings, bracelets, gold earrings and necklaces, hair clips, combs and ivory amulets have been discovered. Different colors of paint ceramics dating back to the end of the pharaohs during the Coptic period, as well as bottles, also appeared in the excavation work.
There is little evidence that the solution to these tombs were found associated with exactly what was happening here in the UK is a new difficult to achieve. Outside the cemetery, the only evidence of activity during this period, and it seems that a mass of limestone bearing the names and titles of Ramses II. Other units associated with it were also found in the region. Some of the foreigners, were buried in coffins in the tomb of an unusual foreign troops have been used by Ramses II at the Battle of Kadesh.
It has been suggested that this site could have been in the far south of a series of fortified settlements, testing, despite the fact that there is a lot to prove such. Cemeteries seem to indicate that there is a settlement in the region of old, and that in the reign of Ramesses II, and it was important to have enough to enrich required. If so, it was because of its location at the top of the old road between the Delta and the Wadi El-Natron.
According to newspaper Maskhuta
First excavated by Edouard Naville in 1883, Tjeku, known today as Tell El Maskhuta, occupies a strategic position in the valley Tumilat about 15 miles west of the modern city of the Suez Canal, Ismailia. Here, Naville discovered the big box (210 × 210 meters (689 x 689 feet), which was inside the temple ruins of the evil god Atum. Naville believes is the biblical city Python (Atom before, which means home Atom), listed in the story of «out .
However, more recent excavations by the University of Toronto under the supervision of JS Holladay revealed that the site was founded by Necho (Nekau) Secondly, after a long period of probable date of exit. In addition, the excavations showed that the site was probably associated with the establishment of the channel, and one of his predecessors in the early of the Suez Canal. And cut the channel through the Valley (Valley), and communicates with the northern edge of the Gulf of Suez. However, after a brief period in the region declined in importance of Necho and the Canal has become unmanageable. It seems that society has flourished under Ptolemy II, who was re-opened the channel, and the establishment of a mortuary cult of Arsinoe II in the vicinity.