Karnak

Karnak describes the majority of farm ruined temples, churches and other buildings on different dates. Karnak name comes from the nearby village of Al-Karnak. While the city of Luxor in the south Lapite rsyt, Labette Isut Karnak was ancient, and perhaps more to identify the places. Good kings and the god Amun-emerged in the early Middle Kingdom. Since that time, the temples of Karnak were built, enlarged, and demolished, in addition to and restored by more than 2000 years.
The ancient Egyptians considered Lapite - Isut as the site of the high majestic for the first time when Amon-Ra made the first mound of dirt, instead of Nun. At Karnak, and the priests recognized the king and beloved son of Amun, king of all gods. Coronation Jubilees also held here. Consists of more than 80,000 people under Ramesses III, the temple was also the administrative center for a farm large tracts of agricultural land.
Of the largest and most important site is the central enclosure, and the Temple of Amun proper. Design of the main structure consists of a series of towers at different dates. In the past are the pillars of the fourth and fifth, which was built by Tuthmosis I, and since then the temple was expanded by the West and to build the South. Run the courtrooms or between columns, which leads to the main campus.
Temple revolve around two axes, with a number of small temples and chapels and a sacred lake. Northern enclosure belongs to Montu, the Lord of the original good of the region, while the death of the enclosure to the south and connected to the enclosure of Amun by means of RAM-headed Sphinx. Avenue lined with sphinxes linked Karnak Temple and Luxor, and channels of communication temples of Amun and Montu with the Nile

Amenhotep IV, who changed his name to Akhenaten, erected several temples for their new deity of the east central square of Amun. Of the salient features of these temples were open courts surrounded by columns and giant statues of the king. Temples were dismantled in the post-Amarna period and the stone blocks in the structures used at a later date, especially the towers built by Horemheb.
Campus Muntu
North location box is smaller than the three electoral districts and the preservation of monuments are bad. Contains the main temple of Montu, several small structures, including temples and HarpRe Maat, and a sacred lake. Believed that the structure of the treasure which was built by Tuthmosis I was found outside the east wall.
Campus Montu is the most important architectural complex north of the Temple of Amun-Re. It was built by Amenhotep III, on the podium, including the building blocks belonging to eliminate the effects of Amenhotep I, Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep II and Tuthmosis IV. And include other features, along with the Temple of Montu.
Amenhotep III, the founder of the main temple of Montu, to build a wall around the compound of Montu. As it is, and Montu precinct also includes many of the temples and other buildings. The Temple of Maat, and this God and only one, located on the back of the temple of Montu. Now largely destroyed, but the preservation of the inscriptions of some viziers of Ramses III and atheist century. It seems the former Temple of Ma'at exist in this area, as evidenced by the inscriptions and steles belonging to the time of Amenhotep III. Trials of those accused of grave robbers held in this temple.
The site also contains the Temple of HarpRe. HarpRe temple is built along the eastern side of the Temple of Montu. Could be the oldest part of campus on the south side, can be attributed to the strain of 21th. Nepherites and Hakor of the 29th Dynasty built hall of columns with capitals Hathor. Geographical procession was part of the decoration Hall columns. An open, tower added to the north side during the reign of the family of 30. Building in front of a tower known as the Temple High School East, and may be relevant to the worship of the bull of Montu.
Had a sacred lake in the West have been excavated and restored by Mentomhat Amenhotep III, which contains biographical inscription in the temple of death. "The great temple" built by Nectanebo II as a repository for presentations.
Finally, and six sections in the southern wall of the Montu enclosure initiative six chapels dedicated devotees of the Divine Amun to different forms of Osiris. The chapels are Nitoqret, Amenirdis assigned one, Karomama, one of the era Taharka.
Dromes and lead to the dock in the channel that no longer exists, full and complex. And Drôme is a stone paved road leading from the door of the addendum to the dock in the north of the Suez Canal to the site. It can be dated to the reign of the pavement Psammetik first. Statues of Amenhotep III were found broken and buried under the church in central dromes temple.
A copy of the "re-witness" Tutankhamun was built here as an obelisk of Seti the First, and inscriptions of Ramses II, Merneptah, Amenmesses and Pinedjem. In the eastern part of the temple collapsed at the end of the era of the modern state, and reconstruction and may have been through Taharka, who also built a large gallery of the main façade. This is dismantled and rebuilt by the Ptolemies in the first place.
Outside the temple, a limestone gate Hathshepsut and Tutmosisi third raped by Amenhotep II and the completion of the tomb of Seti the First. Only two of the brick walls of the church dedicated to Osiris, and that Taharka, where a statue of the goddess Taweret found Mariette. Far from the West, and the gate of Ptolemy IV, and signs at the entrance to a small temple of Thoth, now in ruins. In the north west of the country, a building devoted Trinity Baptist Nitoqret good suffered. To the east of the Montu precinct, the remains of the building known as the treasure, which was built by Tuthmosis I, have been dug. It consists of a ski boat of Amun, stores and workshops. This treasure may be the oldest building on the site.
The oldest site in the north of Karnak, dating back to the late East and the UK belong to urban settlements, with adobe houses, barns and workshops.
All these buildings dedicated to Amun-Re at Thebes, although rarely mentioned magneto found mainly from the adjectives that describe the various kings and beloved of Montu. Dedication of the main temple of the features of the sanctuary of Amun-Re, Lord of the throne of the Two Lands, superior in Labette - Süt. This pattern is confirmed by the minor effects, such as stelae different, the two quartzite statues of Amenhotep III and other statues.
Montu and the first dedicatory inscription appears on the panel set up by Seti I in the courtyard of the temple. Era Taharka have a lot of decoration on the porch, saying, Montu, the Lord is good, is the chief god of the temple. Scenes at the gate of Ptolemy in the area confirmed this arrangement of Montu.
Precinct to die
In the southern part of the Temple of Karnak contains the death, on the eastern bank of the River Nile, more than 900 meters to the south of the Temple of Amun-Re. It is surrounded by a sacred lake in the half-moon called Isheru, and structures of aid, especially in the Temple of Khonsu - pekhrod, the origin of the strain in the 18th, and the Temple of Ramses III.
During the era of the modern state, death, Amun Khonsu and his son became a prominent family of divine Triad of Thebes. The first signal to the death, Isheru beloved, there is a statue of the 17 families. Inscriptional evidence also links the site to death in the era of the principles of the 18th dynasty Amenhotep I. First, the Temple of death is still a certain date not later than the reigns of Tuthmosis III and Hatshepsut.
Temple of Mut was built by Amenhotep III, but here too the enclosure wall Propylon Ptolemies, Ptolemy II and III Euergetes I, and additions at a later time to the temple and Taharqa Nectanebo I, among others. Hundreds of statues of the goddess Sekhmet inscribed for Amenhotep III are in museums, but some are still on the site, and perhaps moved the king's funerary temple in the West Bank.
Recent excavations indicate that many, perhaps all, of the precinct is the current settlement of the village, so at some time in the Second Intermediate Period.
Under Hatshepsut and King Tuthmosis III, the region seems to consist of death and the Temple of the Sacred Lake did not extend to the north of the first tower of the temple. Parts of the western and northern walls of the enclosure were discovered, including the door with the name of Tuthmosis III, Seti I restoration inscription. On the eastern and southern boundaries of this precinct did not specify.
Temple of Mut, was expanded later in the dynasty 18th, when the building was fully surrounded by Tutmoside new construction, probably by Amenhotep III. The second tower in the temple of death, now, adobe, and the dates later in the family 19, and may be replaced earlier precinct or temple wall. In the eastern half of the stone built in the late Ptolemaic period. The first tower of the Temple, and also of brick, and has a stone gateway built by the family of 19, show at least one major renovation. This tower can also replace the precinct earlier in the northern wall of the country. Also in the family of 19th, to build a temple of Ramses II, who was outside the building, which was extended by Amenhotep III. In front of the temple, Ramses II, who built two huge statues, at least raped Amenhotep III, and two of the paintings carved out of marble and new parts of the temple of Amenhotep II. One of the evidence indicates that the temple at that time was dedicated to Amun.
Has been the restoration of the temple during the era of the family 25, during which time it worked, at least in part as birthhouse, celebrating the birth of Amun and the death of the Divine Child, who identified himself to the king. An important part of the temple's death has also been rebuilt.
In the 25th and 26th dynasties proliferation of small chapels began. These include at least two Mentomhat committed by an official in the era of Taharka, magical healing chapel dedicated by Horwedja, Great Seer of Heliopolis, a chapel in contact with the divine and cuddly, and a small chapel of Ptolemy VI, and to extend the chapel dedicated to death and Sekhmet, built by Ptolemy VI and VIII.
Enclosure walls built by Nectanebo second overall strain of the 30th police station to give the current size and shape, and include the Temple of C and over a wide area south of the lake is sacred, and not explore yet.
Karnak Temple of Amun-Re
Pilon first, the entrance of the temple complex, preceded by the pavement, and possibly re-built during the age of 25 the family as a means of ram-headed sphinxes, and most bore the name of the high priest of Amun, Dynasty Pnudjem 21. This tower, which has not ended, was probably built in the 30th Dynasty of Nectanebo I, despite the earlier post might be here. Street to the south of many of the smaller structures, including the resort and boat Psammuthis Hakoris, and barricades of 25 - strains 26th.
Of the court and behind the opening of the tower contains the tomb of Seti II triple boat, granite and sandstone, and consists of three contiguous chapels dedicated to Amun, Mut, and Khonsu. At the center of the courtyard are the remnants of the entry Taharqa columns, one column and re-built. There is a small temple or boat station Ramses III in the courtyard facing south. This temple is a smaller version of the mortuary temple city of Habu.
The door on the north side of the court leads to an open air museum, where a series of small monuments have been rebuilt, as a boat limestone chapel of Sesostris I and the Red Chapel of Hatshepsut.
Enclave II, and possibly work of Horemheb, is preceded by two huge statues of Ramses II. Feet and only one remains. Statue of the third part of the King include Princess Bentanta standing between his feet. Behind the tower, and lost the roof of the large hall of columns, and most impressive temple complex in all, has not been implemented by 134 columns of the papyrus. Relief decoration in the hall of columns is the work of Seti I and Ramses II. And appear in the outer walls of the military campaigns of these kings in Palestine and Syria, including the Battle of Kadesh against the Hittites.
Pilon III Amenhotep III, but before the balcony decorated by Seti I and Ramses II. Many old buildings and blocks were used in the tower: in a dialogue festival Senwosret way station first, White Chapel, Chapel of Amenhotep I and II, the Red Chapel of Hatshepsut and Tuthmosis IV, and a portico with columns of the king himself. Four obelisks that stood behind the tower was built by Tuthmosis I and III to commemorate the entry of the original temple, but only of Tuthmosis I Obelisk still exists
Towers IV and V, both built by Tuthmosis I, and a narrow area of the columns, and once among them are the oldest parts of the temple. Hatshepsut's obelisks made of quartz and Red can be seen here, one remains.
Further east is the Festival Temple of Tuthmosis III. A room in this temple is known as the "Garden Plants" for representation of rare plants and birds and animals, may appear in the main sanctuary of the temple.
In 20 strains of Beni Mazar Ramses III in a boat on the Western-style three times, and began construction of the temple of Khonsu.
Taharka in the 25th Dynasty built a large lake with the structure of the sacred, on the lake in the northwest corner. He built wings of columns leading to the entrances to the east and west of the temple in front of the temple of Khonsu. Mini-tower of the Temple of Opet also initiated during the family of 25.
A large gate of Ptolemy III built a temple to Khonsu in the back of the temple of Opet. Reforms that have been made to the rules of damaged walls where the groundwater has increased. There were also reforms to the walls of the hall of columns and doors in the East and West was fully renovated
Seventh Court of the north tower known cachette Court: Here a deposit of thousands of statues that were originally in the temple was found in 1903.
Near the northwest corner of the sacred lake of the temple is a huge statue of the sacred beetle on a high, which dates back to Amenhotep III.
Khonsu Temple is located in the southwest corner of the enclosure. Propylon in your main wall enclosure was built by Ptolemy III, I, is approaching from the south through the means of protecting the sheep with the Sphinx of Amenhotep III. The tower was decorated by Pnudjem I Herihor yard, which is the inner part of a different era of Ramesses. There are also some Ptolemaic relief work.
Approximately 20 shrines and other smaller temples located inside the campus of Amun-Re, one of Ptah, which was built by Tuthmosis III, on a network, several Ptolemies and Tiberias. A good example of these small churches is that the fence Osiris - Djet.
Akhenaten Temples
Akhnenaten was the second son and successor, Amenhotep III. He spent the first five years of his reign in Thebes, was in favor of feature haven center of worship the sun solar Heliopolitan, which included open cuts around a central axis. Smaller stones that were used only one man can bear. Tens of thousands of these in the best case, the sandstone, which was adopted in Jebel Al-Silsila, about 100 km south of Thebes.
These small blocks at a later recycled as the sun temples fell, and used as fill or foundation walls and columns of the family 19. I found some in the spirit of loving Sorouh II and IX in the Temple of Amun at Karnak, and the foundation blocks under the hall of columns in the temple of Amun, in the Tower of Ramses II and units in the Luxor Temple. Some survived to be used later in the era Nectanebo I, and some are contained in Medamud in the Ptolemaic period constructions.
Akhenaten erected four main structures at Karnak during the first five years of his reign. The main building was designated as the disk of the sun "which was built in anticipation of the Jubilee, and then there was the Almighty" are the main features of the disk of the sun "and" resistance movements are SunDisk. Smaller than four were hwt - bnbn, "the palace of stone Benben. And hwt - ITN", the palace of the disk of the sun "mentioned in the tombs in the West Bank, which has not yet appeared in the scenes of these blocks.
Only one of four structures that may happen partially excavated. Home Aton temple was built east of Karnak. From the center of the west side corridor ran columns 12 feet wide, which led to connect the west to the Palace of the 18th royal dynasty, which was just north of the edifices of the fourth, fifth and sixth of the Temple of Amun. There was probably no size statues made of quartz, the red represents the king, with his arms, although other sculptures have included the Queen as well. Patterns show the king with a long arm and be caressed by the rays of the sun disk.
In the temple of Aten, and was a recurring theme in the celebration of jubilee, or Heb - dam. Scenes in the corridor from the entrance to the palace to show the approach in a footnote to the footnote of ownership and kissed the ground, pulling the man oxen, and so on and go right along the west wall, south, west and then east along the south wall and inscriptions depicting the ritual "on the White Crown", when King offerings uniforms King of Upper Egypt. Presumably, similar scenes showing the king is represented in the ritual and the red crown of Lower Egypt.
And hwt - bnbn, but not found so far, was built in the scenes of the blocks with luxury towers and walls. But the identity of the priest, to advance to the disk of the sun is not Akhenaten, but instead of that, and his wife Nefertiti.
Holiday relief of the two temples called "Come are the main features of the disk of the sun" and "resistance movements are SunDisk, both the structure as well, not yet discovered, Apartments of national supply, and reward staff, and other scenes of domestic life.
After the fifth year of his reign, Akhenaten moved from Thebes to Amarna, and built the new city, and was stopped at Karnak. The name of the Temple of Amun at Karnak, and the removal of the zone was good.