Edfu

The city of Edfu is located in the rear of the West Nile, and a few hundred miles south of Luxor and Aswan in the south. The old name was Wetjeset - Human Rights Watch, or "the place where Hu spoke highly of Horus."
Edfu modern Arabic name is derived from the Ancient Egyptian name of Jabbar, or Etbo the Coptic language. Jabbar means "retribution Town," and the enemies of God and bring them to justice in that. Jabbar was the site of old traditional site of the legendary battle between the gods Horus and Set, and Ptolemy sandstone temple, dedicated to Horus, is the most complete and best preserved of all temples in Egypt. It is built on the site of the New Kingdom temple, which was oriented east to west, and the structure of Ptolemy in the next time the north and south. In Greco-Roman era and called Apollinopolis Magna Edfu, Horus, the god of Egypt, and is identified with the Greek god Apollo.
Edfu is the capital of the second region of Upper Egypt, a major regional center of the Old Testament, and partly due to the wide expanse of the fertile land belonging to the city, and partly to the fact that Edfu is located near the border between Egypt and Nubia, but not as elephants. Edfu was probably the starting point of the desert roads leading to the Kharga Oasis in the West, and mines of the Eastern Desert and Red Sea coast in the east of the country.
Although there is no compelling evidence the first occupation of the ruling families in Edfu, a series of graves oval, completely looted, have been found. Edfu was an attractive geographical location, high on the floodplain in Upper Egypt, therefore, logically, would have attracted settlers at that time. Confirms this, and dating to the era of the ancient state of pottery found inside the campus of the city, and perhaps as early as the Third Dynasty.
There is a tradition that Imhotep, Minister, and the architect who designed the Step Pyramid of King Djoser at Saqqara, designed the first stone in the temple of Edfu. Little is known about this temple today, and none of their remains were found, but was dedicated to Horus and Hathor at Dendera, and his son, Herumatawy Harsomtus or the Greek language.
Nothing remains dating back before the 5th Dynasty have been found at Edfu. His oldest cemetery consisting of terrace and the Old Kingdom tombs at a later time, covering the south-west of the enclosure Temple of Horus. Before the beginning of the era of the modern state, was taken to a cemetery to Hager Edfu, to the west, and then in the late period in the south of Naga Hassaya. The whole region was called Behedet. Horus Horus was worshiped as Behedet here.
One of these terrace belonging to a man called ISI, which was "Great President of the name of Edfu" in the strain 6th. Pakistani intelligence has lived in the reign of King Djedkare Isesi fifth era of the first baby of the family of six. Was responsible, Judge, President of the royal archives and Grande "between the scores of the south. Isi later became the living God, and that was revered in the East Kingdom. In the Sixth Dynasty and the old coming to an end, and the rulers of regional and local administrative nobles acquired more power in their areas, away from the real central authority.
Strain during the tenth, in the first transitory phase, a good fight to the south of the northern rulers Herakleopolitan. A man named Ankhtify, the name of the third Governor of Upper Egypt, an affiliate of the kings of Herakleopolitan held among other titles that are "Grand President of the other names of Edfu and Hierakonpolis, and became governor of Edfu, after the defeat of its predecessor in this sense for Khuy, who were loyal for the Thebans, and wrote his autobiography say that there was famine in all of Upper Egypt, but he refused to see anyone die of hunger in his province, and "to give life in the provinces of Hierakonpolis and Edfu, Philly, and Ombos! "
Later, and on the Ramses II, including the kings of the New Kingdom, built at Edfu. However, his most famous (to us today, at least) a huge structure, the great temple of the god Horus, was built during the Ptolemaic era. The Temple of Edfu was actually in the new temple was commissioned by the Ptolemies. Ptolemaic Egypt were the builders of the great, descendants of one of the generals of Alexander in Macedonia. The architectural heritage left behind as a great temple of Isis at Philae, the Temple of Hathor at Dendera, the Temple of Horus at Edfu, and others.
At Edfu, and was worshiped Horus the falcon god Horus Behdet. Appointed Mason Temple, site of the Harpoon, the dwelling of the Ankh Lra Nedjem, nice place to live, within the framework of the Falcon, and a haven for Horus, and Wetjeset, swam the place of God.

The main building was the great temple of Horus Behedti. Began on 23 August, 237 BC. C. Ptolemy III. In 206 BC, and the work was stopped because of the rebellion, which the two leaders in the region of Thebes declared its independence from the rule of Ptolemy (history repeats itself, perhaps). Officially designated the temple in 142 BC. C. Euergetes the second wife of Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra II.
Closer to the tower east of the Temple tower, tower and the remains of another were discovered dating to the Ramesside period. This may be part of one of the predecessors of the current temple. Temple precincts of the temple itself, within the walls, and sub-temples, shrines, workshops and small stores and houses. Most of these, including the holy lake, and slaughterhouse have been destroyed or was under the houses in the city today. To the south of the temple are the ruins of Mammisi, or at birth home, and the birth of the god of the temple, which was held Harsomntus. Is still a small number of architecture to the east, and they may belong to the Holy Temple of the Falcon.
Twin Towers from the entrance to the great temple tower was planned as a perfect mirror images of each, both in construction, and strange scenes made carved on its surface. Statues of Horus, an eagle wing, the front door, and behind the tower at the base of the walls on both sides of the entrance, and the feast of the beautiful scenes of the meeting, which merged with Horus Hathor in Dendera.
The Baptist outer contains twelve columns of the Interior is the highest and around the temple. In the eastern part of the library was installed in a small room and two catalogs are inscribed on the walls of the list of addresses of all the books take place. Some of the books include the dissemination of "the book to perform the ritual to protect the city and the homes of the white crown of the Year", a book roll of temple guards, and information on the regular appearance of the sun and the moon and the return of the other stars of the league.
A small camera in the western part of the interface and devoted to devote the priest who conducted the religious rites of the king. The main entrance porch opens to a large courtyard, surrounded on three sides by columns covered in thirty-two columns. To the south, and the court is limited to the giant tower, which towers more than 130 feet.
The most sacred temple, and the essence is the tomb of granite, or sarcophagus, which included the main statue. Tomb was surrounded by cameras and storage of seventeen, and eight columns of a room, and two smaller rooms and two staircases leading to the surface. Chapel in the back of the boat haven for God's figure. Eight chapels open off the corridor leading around the campus, and perhaps specific to each of the major gods such as Isis and Osiris, Min, Khonsu, OL, etc..
In front of the sanctuary was a waiting room, and the court that his sacrifice was small, giving access to WABT pure place, where they were statues of stone and dressed, where they received crowns and amulets, and before leaving the interior and reach the roof. West of the waiting room and a small room dedicated to the god Min and the main camera, off the tables and the wall, and on each side is to approach one of the two stairs leading to the roof of the temple. Then follows the Hall of internal column, the roof is supported by twelve columns with floral capitals rich. Rooms adjacent to the eastern side as access to the crossing within the Church, and as a result of the Treasury of the precious metals and precious stones. Rooms adjacent to the West are "laboratories" to make holy oils and ointments, with the instructions that appear on the walls to do the same, and the Chamber of the River Nile, where the holy water was poured into the pot after the transfer of the scale of the Nile, outside the wall waist.
There is a large hall with columns, with columns of eighteen was added at the end of the south of the temple, courtyard and gateway were added to the south tower of that. The doors had been hung on the post in the gate 57 (a) C. , On the occasion of a final conclusion. Today, the Temple of Edfu is the best in preserving Egypt.
Pilon at a gate in the north wall of the funds, and the temple is made a little more than 150 long and covers an area of about 8400 feet. While the temple is intact, and auxiliary buildings, kitchens, warehouses, slaughterhouses, and the administrative offices, including the holy lake, forest falcons, and inside the dock, all buried under the modern city.
So much is known about the temple and its divisions are from the collections of inscriptions in the temple itself. This is called the texts of the building and placed on the outer walls of the shelter walls and its annexes.
The inscription on the waist for long periods outside of the wall about 300 meters, and give details of the names and roles of the various halls and rooms of the temple, and an account of the building, date built. Concessions in the basin, the enclosure, and interior walls, and tell stories about the trip and reunion rituals Hathor in Dendera, with Horus, and the data show the names of the other 42 administrative in Egypt, and traditional "enemies knocking" is in the history of Egypt, and the conflict between Horus and Seth, and the victory of Horus , in the procession of the Divine Falcon, and provide various scenes of the ritual, as well as traditional religious practices in ancient Egypt.
When I started Auguste Mariette settlement of Edfu temple in 1860, and became the temple town full of stables and barns, and the roof of the Temple covered with houses built of mud, the interior rooms are full of garbage almost to the ceiling.