Dush, the Temple, Fortress and Ancient Town of Kysis near the Kharga Oasis of Egypt

What we know today as the shower, about 125 miles south of outflows in the Western Desert in Egypt in ancient times, Kysis, the border town which has maintained a strong garrison to protect the community with a small area planted. Little from the ruins of Egypt are the furthest, but it was important to install the Romanian military during the period of Egyptian history in its tracks in the desert five old acquaintance.
Today, in the region where thousands of pottery fragments mixed between two of the tombs and temples of different ancient Ottoman Empire, including 150 graves, which indicates the continued use of this site. Area had been excavated by the Institut Français d 'Archéologie Timor, and his home is located in holes in the base of the hill.
The same village may have existed before the Greek era, and perhaps even temporary settlements dating back to the Old Kingdom (Dynasty may 4th) and there is evidence that the community is of great importance, with a class of traders with strong commercial convoys passed to the north and south and between east and west . As potters, jewelry and other blacksmiths and craftsmen, schools, and gambling houses full of good food and wine grapes and Oasis excellent, to meet the need of soldiers. Ancient city are scattered on the slopes of the castle. The discovery of a complex system of pipes and clay, and irrigation channels and a church that the city was abandoned when the wells went dry, sometime after the year of the fourth century.
Ancient tombs around the city in the north and west. Although the cemetery Romanian southwest almost to the abyss is the largest and most impressive is the small version of Bagawat, which lies to the north of the castle. Dating back to the late Ptolemaic period, and cemeteries, but, without ornament.
Force exceed the highest hill in an area about three kilometers to the north-east of the modern village of Dush. It is located about 79 meters above sea level. Found so far the oldest building on the site dates from the time of Ptolemy, although there is some evidence that the strength can be up to now for the Persian by the Greek control of Egypt. The Romans expanded the structure of Ptolemy. And pancaked walls, rising to twenty feet and forty feet in some places, and includes a densely covered with rectangular structures, headquarters, while four or five floors underground. Many experts now believe could have saved the south side of the road Arba'in, a major trade route.
Adjacent to the Roman fort on the eastern side are the remnants of a sandstone temple, originally dedicated to Osiris, the Greeks, became Serapis, and also to the goddess Isis.
The temple was probably built during the reign of Domitian, Trajan through the expansion, which added to the yard, and most decorated and expanded by the emperor Hadiran from 1 to 2 centuries after Christ. But in fact there are some frills, and the temple is believed to have been covered with gold. However, all three Roman emperors in the viewer is carved on the walls of the temple.
The huge stone front entrance of the temple and contains a dedication to Trajan dated in 116 AD, as well as writing on the walls, Caio (who claimed to be the first European traveler to get there) and other nineteenth - century travelers. To the north of a large courtyard containing five columns with the North Tower at the end. Most of the temple measures about 7.5 by 15.5 meters and contains a hall of columns with four columns and steps on the surface, a table displays in the Hall of Foreign Affairs, and the sanctuary, and vaulted ceiling. Boards also the long side barrel vaulted ceilings. And high pronaos later added to the front of the main building.
In the courtyards of the temple, and many of the objects have been discovered, including pottery, coins, ostraca, including a large group of Demotic ostraca dating from the Persian period. Some of them also wrote in Greek, and apparently in the first centuries of 5 to 4. Specifically, consisting mostly of receipts and payments for supplies for the Roman army, but also include the names of soldiers and civilians. Although the names are a mix of Egyptian, Greek, Romanian, and there are also many examples in the name of the Hebrew Bible, which shows that Christianity was practiced in the shower during this period. Some elements of the most interesting one Dush include some of the SMS in the form of ostraca, which allows scientists to re-building the human element of life in this Roman site.
Excavation in March 1989 in one of the complexes Dush patrol on the western side of the temple discovered a wonderful collection of works of art, now known as the treasure of a shower, which is now in the Egyptian Museum of Antiquities in Cairo. In the grip of cloth wrapped in the discovery of a golden statue of Isis, along with the bronze figure of Horus wearing the uniform and regimental Romanian bronze figure of Osiris. Nearby, also found a ceramic jar with loose cover, which was hidden from the building. It contains a wealth of gold and jewelry splendid religious and votive objects. It was clear that these things are covered by the warranty and hidden in a bottle during the 4th century ad 5.
Religious objects are of a high quality of professionalism and include gold crown, which represents the god Serapis, Roman, and bracelets and necklaces of gold and semiprecious stones. These elements have provided valuable information to researchers in the Roman Liturgy in Egypt.
A second temple in the shower, perhaps dating back to the Roman era. It lies about 200 meters to the west of the former. It features vaulted ceilings, small rooms and a staircase. Entirely built of brick, but little else is known about this temple.
The French team had been investigated in another location in the camp of Ein Manawa, discovered during the seasons 1992 and 1993, about five miles northwest of the shower. It's an ancient village buried in the sand, complete with houses, fields and orchards, and channels for irrigation and livestock even hoof prints in the dried mud pool, where it was watered animals. The establishment and survival of society and ensure a new way to get water in the basement, trapped in a complex system consists of lines, irrigation canals or channels (known as channels) which radiates from the well. This discovery was decisive for the return to the occupation and the construction of the different periods of the page. This site is to reach a settlement with the Romans and the Persians and the mud-brick and a small temple but archaeologists have confirmed the occupation since the late Paleolithic Age. Excavations have so far discovered on the house, which was attached a small temple of Osiris. Hundreds of archival texts have been found, written in demotic ostraca, in general, including the reign of Xerxes (descendants of 27th) This was the first example of this king's name written in the demotic. Join others to the reign of Artaxerxes I and Darius II. Documents provide evidence of relations between the Temple of Ain Hibis Temple Manawa, as well as in the south, the Kharga Oasis. Archaeologists were not able to work under ideal conditions, using a combination of archaeological evidence and written sources accurately dated. Unfortunately appointed Manawa is directly in line with a field of sand dunes and sand up to the site and soon will be buried, and to prevent further action.